Cervical Cryotherapy (Cryoablation)
A quick, in-office option that uses a super-cooled probe to freeze and remove superficial dysplasia when the transformation zone is fully visible.
Cervical cryotherapy—also called cryoablation—uses a super-cooled probe (typically nitrous oxide or carbon dioxide) to freeze and destroy targeted abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix. It’s most often used for low-grade lesions (e.g., CIN 1) or carefully selected cases where the entire transformation zone is visible and contained on the ectocervix. Treatment is performed in the office, usually without general anesthesia, and recovery is straightforward with several weeks of watery discharge expected.
Fast Facts About Cervical Cryotherapy
In-office procedure using a freezing probe to ablate abnormal surface cells
Commonly considered for CIN 1 or select low-risk findings
Requires full visualization of the transformation zone on colposcopy
Typical freeze–thaw–freeze cycle; takes minutes
Watery discharge for 1–3+ weeks is expected as tissue sheds
Who It May Help
- Low-grade cervical changes (e.g., CIN 1) persisting over time
- Lesions confined to the ectocervix with clear margins on colposcopy
- Patients preferring an ablative, in-office option with minimal downtime
- Postpartum or non-pregnant patients when observation is no longer preferred
How It Works
A cryoprobe shaped to the cervix delivers extreme cold to the targeted area, forming an ice ball that destroys abnormal cells via freeze–thaw injury. A common technique is a double-freeze cycle (e.g., freeze, thaw, refreeze) to ensure adequate depth. Healthy tissue around the treatment zone remains intact and supports re-epithelialization over the following weeks.
Candidacy & Alternatives
Good candidates have low-grade lesions with the entire transformation zone visible and no suspicion for glandular disease or invasive cancer. We typically avoid cryotherapy if lesions extend into the canal, if margins cannot be seen, during pregnancy (unless specifically indicated), or with active pelvic infection. Alternatives include observation with repeat Pap/HPV testing, excisional treatments like LEEP or cold-knife cone for higher-grade disease, and other ablative options (e.g., thermal ablation or laser) based on findings, fertility plans, and guideline-based pathways.
Cryotherapy vs. Other Options
Cryotherapy (Ablative)
- Destroys superficial tissue in-office; no specimen
- Best when transformation zone is fully visible
- Quick recovery; watery discharge common
- Uses freeze–thaw cycles; minimal anesthesia
LEEP / Excision
- Removes a tissue specimen for pathology
- Preferred for HSIL or when canal involvement suspected
- More recovery needs; small bleeding risk
- Useful if margins or invasion must be clarified
Observation
- No immediate procedure; relies on immune clearance
- Appropriate for many CIN 1 cases
- Requires adherence to follow-up testing
- Avoids procedure risks but prolongs surveillance
What to Expect
Most visits take 10–20 minutes. After a speculum is placed, a cryoprobe is applied to the cervix and cooled for a timed freeze–thaw–freeze cycle. Cramping and a cold pressure sensation are common. Following treatment, expect a watery (sometimes slightly blood-tinged) discharge for 1–3+ weeks as treated cells slough. Use pads—not tampons—during healing. We recommend pelvic rest (no intercourse, swimming, hot tubs, or douching) until cleared, typically 2–4 weeks depending on depth and healing.
Safety & Considerations
Cryotherapy is generally well tolerated. Expected effects include cramping, watery discharge, and mild spotting. Uncommon risks include infection, heavier bleeding, or cervical stenosis. Because ablation does not yield a specimen, appropriate colposcopic evaluation is essential prior to treatment. We review your results, fertility plans, and medical history (including bleeding disorders and anticoagulants) to ensure the safest approach.
Before Your Visit
- ✓Bring recent Pap/HPV and colposcopy results
- ✓Schedule when you are not on heavy menstrual flow if possible
- ✓Avoid vaginal medications, intercourse, or douching for 24–48 hours before
- ✓Plan for 2–4 weeks of pelvic rest afterward as instructed
- ✓Use pads (not tampons) during post-procedure discharge
Frequently Asked Questions
1Does cryotherapy remove the abnormal cells permanently?
Cryotherapy destroys targeted superficial cells, and many patients clear low-grade lesions with appropriate follow-up. Continued surveillance is important to confirm resolution and catch any recurrence early.
2Why can’t cryotherapy be used for every abnormal Pap?
It’s best for low-grade disease when the entire transformation zone is visible on colposcopy and there’s no concern for canal involvement or glandular/invasive disease. Higher-grade or unclear cases often need excisional treatment.
3Is it painful?
Most patients feel pressure and menstrual-like cramping during the freeze cycles. Over-the-counter pain relievers usually suffice, and discomfort typically resolves the same day.
4What is the downtime?
Plan for watery discharge for 1–3+ weeks and pelvic rest for 2–4 weeks, depending on healing. Most people return to normal daily activities immediately.
5Can I have this if I want future pregnancies?
Yes—cryotherapy is an ablative surface treatment and is commonly used in patients desiring future fertility when appropriate by guidelines. We tailor recommendations to your results and plans.
6How will follow-up work?
You’ll have guideline-based Pap/HPV testing at defined intervals to confirm clearance. If abnormalities persist or recur, we’ll reassess and discuss next steps.
Considering Cryotherapy for Cervical Dysplasia?
We’ll confirm candidacy with a careful review of your Pap/HPV and colposcopy findings, explain expectations and aftercare, and plan guideline-based follow-up.
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