Clear Answers After an Abnormal Pap
A careful, magnified exam of the cervix with gentle biopsies when needed to guide next steps.
Colposcopy is a close examination of the cervix using a microscope-like device. After applying dilute vinegar (acetic acid) and sometimes iodine, areas that need closer evaluation become easier to see. Small biopsies and an endocervical sample may be taken to clarify Pap or HPV results and create a precise, personalized plan.
Fast Facts
Office procedure; usually 10–20 minutes
No incisions; most people return to normal activity the same day
Mild cramping or spotting is common for 1–2 days
Biopsy results typically return within about a week
Why It's Done
- Abnormal Pap or positive high-risk HPV test
- Persistent HPV infection over time
- Uncertain Pap results that need clarification
- Visible cervical changes on exam
- Follow-up after prior treatment of cervical changes
What We Look For
The solutions used during colposcopy help highlight patterns on the cervix that correspond to normal tissue, inflammation, or areas more likely to show precancerous change. If a concerning pattern is seen, very small samples are taken to confirm the diagnosis and grade the change.
Colposcopy vs. Watchful Waiting
Colposcopy Now
- Provides tissue diagnosis to confirm Pap/HPV findings
- Clarifies whether treatment or surveillance is best
- May reduce anxiety by giving definitive answers
- Brief procedure with minimal downtime
Repeat Testing Later
- Used when risk is low and guidelines support surveillance
- Avoids biopsies if changes resolve on their own
- Requires strict follow-up schedule
- May delay diagnosis if risk increases
What to Expect
A speculum is placed, similar to a Pap test. The cervix is viewed with a colposcope that stays outside the body. Dilute acetic acid and, if helpful, iodine are applied. If biopsies are needed, you may feel brief pinches and cramping; pressure medication beforehand can help. We place a small paste to reduce bleeding, which may cause temporary dark discharge.
Safety & Recovery
Light spotting or brown discharge is common for 24–48 hours. Infection or heavier bleeding is uncommon. Avoid intercourse, tampons, and douching for 48 hours or until spotting stops. Call us for fever, strong pelvic pain, or bleeding heavier than a period.
Before Your Visit
- ✓Avoid intercourse, tampons, or intravaginal products for 24–48 hours
- ✓Take an NSAID 30–60 minutes before unless advised otherwise
- ✓Bring your recent Pap/HPV results if done elsewhere
- ✓Tell us if you may be pregnant or have bleeding disorders
- ✓Try to schedule when you are not on a heavy flow day if possible
Frequently Asked Questions
1Will it hurt?
Most people feel brief pinches with biopsies and period-like cramping. Taking an over-the-counter pain reliever beforehand can help. Discomfort typically resolves quickly.
2When will I get results?
Biopsy results usually return within about a week. We will review the findings and outline whether surveillance or treatment is recommended.
3Will this affect fertility or pregnancy?
Colposcopy and small biopsies do not affect fertility. If treatment is ever needed later, we will discuss options that balance cervical health and future pregnancy goals.
4What if results show precancerous changes?
Management depends on the grade and your age. Options include careful surveillance or an office treatment like LEEP to remove the abnormal area. We follow evidence-based guidelines to keep you safe.
5Can I exercise afterward?
Light activity is fine. Avoid vigorous exercise, intercourse, tampons, pools, and hot tubs for 24–48 hours or until spotting stops.
Clarity Leads to Confident Care
An abnormal Pap or HPV test is common. Colposcopy provides clear answers so your next step is simple and personalized.
Book an Appointment